What this guideline means in practice
Everything your app can do should be clear to users and to App Review. A feature that is in the binary but switched off during review, unlocked by a hidden gesture, or reachable only through an undocumented URL scheme is what this rule targets.
Obfuscation is not banned by itself. Protecting your implementation is fine; using obfuscation or any other method to hide functionality from review is what Apple calls out.
2.5.19 is one of the guidelines that also apply to Notarization for iOS and iPadOS apps, so it covers apps distributed outside the App Store in the EU as well.
It works together with Guideline 2.3.1(a), which still requires every new feature, functionality, and product change to be described specifically in Notes for Review and to be accessible for review.